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Konrad Dannenberg (August 5, 1912 – February 16, 2009) was a German-American
rocket pioneer and member of the German Rocket Team.
Dannenberg was
born in Weißenfels, Saxony-Anhalt. At the age of two, he and his
family moved to Hanover, where he spent his youth. He became interested
in space technology while attending a lecture by Max Valier. He witnessed
two tests with a rocket driven railroad car in Burgwedel near Hanover and
then joined Albert Püllenberg's group of amateur rocketeers. Dannenberg
studied mechanical engineering at the University of Hanover with emphasis
in diesel fuel injection, which is similar to the injection of propellants
into a high pressure rocket engine. In World War II, he was drafted into
the German army in 1939 and took part in the Battle of France.
In Spring 1940,
through the influence of Püllenberg, Dannenberg was discharged from
the army and became a civilian employee at the German Army's Research and
Development Center in Peenemünde. Under Walter Thiel's guidance he
became a rocket propulsion specialist. His main assignment was the development
of the 25.4 tons thrust engine for V-2 rocket production. Many improvements
on which he worked could not be completed in time for production. After
Thiel's death in the bombing raid of August 1943, a design freeze stopped
all development efforts. He then became Walter Riedel's deputy and headed
the crash effort to finalize production drawings of the V-2.
After the end
of World War II, Dannenberg was brought to the United States with 117 other
German specialists under Operation Paperclip to Fort Bliss, Texas. Most
members of the group performed calculations and designs of future advanced
launch vehicles with longer ranges and greater payloads. About 30 members
trained the U.S. Army and the support contractor General Electric to launch
V-2's at the White Sands Proving Ground. Due to range limitations, all
test launches had to be launched vertically to limit range.
When the Korean
War started, the group was required to leave their quarters in an Annex
to the Wm. Beaumont Hospital, and was eventually transferred to the Redstone
Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama. There the development of the Redstone
Missile was their first assignment.
In 1960, Dannenberg
joined NASA's newly established Marshall Space Flight Center as Deputy
Manager of the Saturn program. He received the NASA Exceptional Service
Medal for successfully starting the development of the largest rocket ever
built, the Saturn V, which took the first human beings to the moon.
When Arthur
Rudolph came back from the army's development of the Pershing missile system,
Braun assigned the management of the Saturn system to him. Dannenberg then
started to work on Saturn-based space stations, which were eventually was
replaced by the Space Shuttle-based ISS.
Dannenberg retired
from the Marshall Space Flight Center in 1973 and became an Associate Professor
of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Tennessee Space Institute
(UTSI) in Tullahoma, Tennessee. In the later years of his life he helped
to found the Space Camp programs, stayed involved with them over the years
and became a powerful ambassador for space exploration. Former U.S. Space
& Rocket Center Director Ed Buckbee has estimated Dannenberg has had
a positive effect on more than 250,000 young people.
Dannenberg stayed
very active in his later years. As seen in the banner on the front page
of V2ROCKET.COM, he wanted to keep the "information going" - as
he put it. He was gracious in his communications about historical details
and wanted knowledge of every new piece of information discovered concerning
the V-2 and its deployment during the war. |